Etudes scientifiques

Pycnogenol^® for Diabetes

 Pycnogenol for Diabetes Care

Bibliography

In a dose-finding study Pycnogenol^® lowers glucose levels of type II diabetic patients and improves endothelial function.
Liu, X., Zhou, H.-J. and Rohdewald, P. (2004)French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol^® dose-dependently lowers glucose in type II diabetic patients.Diabetes Care, 27(3): 839.

Pycnogenol^® accelerates healing of diabetic ulcers.
Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M.R., Errichi, B.M., Ledda, A., Di Renzo, A., Stuard, S., Dugall, M., Pellegrini, L., Gizzi, G., Rohdewald, P., Ippolito, E., Ricci, A., Cacchio, M., Cipollone, G., Ruffini, I., Fano, F. and Hosoi, M. (2006)Diabetic Ulcers: Microcirculatory Improvement and Faster Healing with Pycnogenol^® Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis , 12 (3): 318-323.

Pycnogenol^® either alone or in combination with other antioxidants reduces parameters of oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
Berryman, A.M., Maritim, A.C., Sanders, R.A. and Watkins III, J.B. (2004)Influence of treatment of Diabetic rats with combinations of Pycnogenol^®, beta-carotene, and alpha-lipoic acid on parameters of oxidative stress.J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 18(6): 345-52

Pycnogenol^® either alone or in combination with other antioxidants stimulates antioxidant enzyme activities in the retina of diabetic rats.
Dene, B.A., Maritime, A.C., Sanders, R.A. and Watkins III, J.B. (2005)Effects of Antioxidant Treatment on Normal and Diabetic rat retinal enzyme activities.Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 21(1): 28-35

Pycnogenol^® helps fighting against heart disease by inhibiting adhesion and aggregation of platelets and improving microcirculatory blood flow in humans.
Wang, S., Tan, D. , Zhao, Y., Gao, G., Gao, X. and Hu, L. (1999)The effect of Pycnogenol^® on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. European Bulletin of Drug Research, 7 (2): 19-25.

Pycnogenol^® helps to maintain a healthy circulation through vasodilatation, anti-platelet-aggregation, free radical scavenging and capillary sealing effects. The role of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is also discussed.
Rohdewald, P. (1999)Reducing the risk for stroke and heart infarction with Pycnogenol^®. European Bulletin of Drug Research, 7 (2): 14-18.

Pycnogenol^® increases anti-oxidative enzyme concentrations in the retina of rats, suggesting a lower risk for retinopathy and cataract formation.
Kamuren, Z.T., McPeek, C.G., Sanders, R.A., Watkins III, J.B. (2006)Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Pycnogenol^® Treatment on Retinal Antioxidant Enzymes in Normal and Diabetic Rats. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 22(1): 10-18.

Pycnogenol^® inhibits in vitro the undesirable modification of proteins in presence of glucose, which occurs in proteins of diabetic patients.
Zhang, T.M., Han, C.H., Han, Y.W., Gong, H., Zhang, E.Y. and Zhang, Y. (2003)Inhibitory effect of Pycnogenol^® on generation of advanced glycation end products in vitro.Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 19(4): 437-440.

Pycnogenol^® lowers blood glucose and increases intracellular antioxidant defense mechanism in diabetic rats.
Maritim, A., Dene, B.A., Sanders, R.A., Watkins, J.B. (2003) Effect of Pycnogenol^® treatment on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 17(3): 193-199.

Pycnogenol^® reduces blood pressure, as shown in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study performed in mildly hypertensive patients. Furthermore, Pycnogenol^® significantly decreases the level of the vasoconstrictor factor (thromboxane) in blood of these patients.
Hosseini, S., Lee, J., Sepulveda, R.T., Rohdewald, P., Watson, R.R. (2001)A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol^® in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients.Nutrition Research, 21: 1251-1260.

Pycnogenol^® supplementation reduced blood levels of the
"bad" "cholesterol LDL in human volunteers."

Pynogenol® supplementation to diabetic patients lowers glucose levels.
Liu, X., Wei, J., Tan, F., Zhou,S., Wurthwein, G. and Rohdewald, P. (2004) Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol^® French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II.Life Sci. 75 : 2505-2513.

Review of the positive effects of Pycnogenol^® for cardiovascular health, based on the published clinical studies in the cardiovascular area.
Watson, R.R. (2003)Pycnogenol^® and cardiovascular health.Evidence Based Integrative Medicine, 1(1): 27-32.

The review contains results of 5 clinical studies with Pycnogenol^® showing the efficacy of Pycnogenol^® supplementation for patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Schönlau, F. and Rohdewald, P. (2002)Pycnogenol^® for diabetic retinopathy: A review.International Ophthalmology, 24: 161-171.

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